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December 2023 Abstracts
Long-term
abrasive and erosive effect of whitening toothpaste
Jae-Heon Kim, ms, Soyeon Kim, bs, Bo-Hyoung Jin, dds, ms, phd, Franklin Garcia-Godoy, dds, ms, phd, phd
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the amount of dentin loss following
immersion in or toothbrushing with whitening toothpaste (WT) containing
hydrogen peroxide (HP) and citric acid (CA). Additionally, the amount of dentin
loss after brushing with a WT alone or in combination with a conventional
toothpaste was assessed, and the effects of HP and CA solutions on the dentin
surface were investigated. Methods: Bovine dentin specimens (n= 350)
were randomly assigned to seven solutions of various compositions as
toothpaste: The specimens assigned to each solution were then further divided
into five treatment groups (n=10 each): Group A = 1-hour immersion in each
solution (ES); Group B = 10,000 brushing in ES; Group C = 1-hour immersion in
ES + 10,000 brushing in ES; Group D = 1-hour immersion in ES + 10,000 brushing
in reference slurry (RS); Group E = 10,000 brushing in ES + 10,000 brushing in
RS. The amount and pattern of dentin loss were determined, and the surfaces
were observed using noncontact profilometry. Results: The WT (pH 5.0)
caused lower dentin loss than RS after a single brushing cycle; however, the
extent of dentin loss after 1 hour of immersion in the WT was significantly
greater than that in the RS. Among the specimens treated with WT, a significant
difference in dentin loss was observed between Group C and Groups D and E
(P< 0.05) but not between Groups D and E. The surfaces exposed to CAS1,
CAPB, and WT exhibited U-shaped patterns of dentin loss after brushing or
immersion, whereas a wedge-shaped pattern was observed in those that underwent
brushing with the RS. (Am J Dent 2023;36:267-273).
Clinical significance: The effects (dentin abrasion) of a whitening toothpaste
containing hydrogen peroxide and citric acid when used in combination with a
conventional toothpaste were similar to those seen
with the continuous use of a conventional toothpaste alone.
Mail: Dr.
Young-Seok Park, Department of Oral Anatomy and Dental Research Institute,
School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, 101 Daehak-ro,
Jongno-gu, Seoul, Korea. E-mail: ayoayo7@snu.ac.kr
Effect of
simplified or multi-step polishing techniques on roughness
Yamil Aguilar Eguivar, dds, Fabiana Mantovani Gomes França. dds, msc, phd,
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the impact of simplified or multi-step
polishing techniques on the roughness, color, and susceptibility to staining of
different resin composites. Methods: Discs (Ø6 mm × 2 mm) were obtained
from different resin composites [nanofilled (Z350XT), suprananofilled (Estelite Omega), and nanohybrid (Forma)]. The specimens (n= 15) were submitted to a
simplified protocol using abrasive discs (Sof-Lex) and spiral discs (Diacomp Plus Twist), or a multi-step protocol using
abrasive discs (Sof-Lex), abrasive points (Jiffy), silicon carbide brush and
felt disc with diamond pastes (Diamond Polish). The specimens were evaluated
initially for roughness (Ra) and color (CIEL*a*b*, CIEDE 2000), after
completing the polishing protocol, and after exposure to a coffee solution (pH=
5.01). The data were analyzed according to the variables, using generalized
linear models, and the Friedman, Nemenyi,
Kruskal-Wallis, Dunn, and Mann-Whitney tests (α= 0.05). Results: The nanohybrid resin composite showed an increase in Ra following use of both
polishing methods (P= 0.038). Both techniques promoted an increase in L* values
after polishing; however, the general color changes (ΔEab and ΔE00) were greater after the multi-step polishing (P<
0.05). After immersion in coffee, the multi-step polished groups of the
nanohybrid and suprananofilled resin composite showed
higher L* values than the simplified polishing groups (P= 0.023), and the nanofilled resin composite showed higher ΔEab and ΔE00 values than
the other resin composites, regardless of the polishing technique (P< 0.05).
(Am J Dent 2023;36:274-280).
Clinical
significance: The choice of the resin composite
had a greater effect on roughness, color stability and susceptibility to
staining than the polishing technique. However, luminosity after coffee
staining was higher with the multi-step polishing technique.
Mail:
Dr. Waldemir Francisco Vieira-Júnior, Research Institute, Faculty São
Leopoldo Mandic, Rua José Rocha Junqueira, 13, Swift, Campinas, SP
13045-755 Brazil. E-mail: waldemir.f@hotmail.com
Wear
behavior of different materials used for pit and fissure sealing
Dilan Kopuz, dds, Bilal Yaşa, dds, phd & Hüseyin Hatırlı, dds, phd
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the wear of different
materials used for pit and fissure sealing applied with non-invasive and
invasive preparation techniques. Methods: A total of 170 molar teeth
were divided into two main preparation groups (non-invasive and invasive), each
consisting of eight subgroups after a control group was separated for wear
standardization. Eight subgroups included: nano-filled flowable composite (Filtek Ultimate Flow), nanohybrid flowable composite (GrandioSo Flow), micro-hybrid flowable composite (Majesty
Flow), resin-based unfilled fissure sealant (ClinPro Sealant), resin-based filled fissure sealant (Fissurit FX), resin-based highly filled fissure sealant (GrandioSeal), giomer-based fissure sealant (BeautiSealant),
and glass-ionomer-based fissure sealant (Fuji Triage) (n= 10). The materials
were applied according to the manufacturers’ instructions. The initial data
were obtained for wear analysis. The specimens were subjected to 2-year thermocycling
and brushing simulations. Final data were obtained, and the wear
characteristics were evaluated digitally. Data were statistically analyzed
(P< 0.05). Results: There were no significant differences in wear
between the non-invasive and invasive application groups (P< 0.05). In
comparison of the materials, flowable composites presented the lowest wear (0.15±
0.13), and glass-ionomer-based fissure sealant presented the highest wear (0.66
± 0.32). (Am J Dent 2023;36:281-286).
Clinical
significance: The present study reported that
the invasive preparation technique, which slightly abrades the enamel surfaces,
did not adversely affect the wear of the sealant materials. Although the
application of flowable composites as fissure sealants with a bonding agent is
time-consuming and costly, it yielded better results in terms of wear.
Mail: Dr. Dilan
Kopuz, Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul Kent
University, Istanbul, Turkey. E-mail:
dilan.kopuz@kent.edu.tr
Evidence-based systemic antibiotic
prescription in periodontal
Paula Yunes Fragoso, dds, msc & Ninoska Abreu-Placeres, dds, msc, phd
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate and summarize the
available scientific evidence regarding antibiotic prescription protocols in
periodontal and dental implant procedures. Methods: A bibliographic search was conducted in PubMed, ScienceDirect, Scielo, Cochrane Library, EBSCOhost and Google Scholar up to February 2023. Manual and electronic searches were
conducted, including publications in English. Medical Subject Headings (MeSH), free text terms and Boolean operators were used. Results: Antibiotic prescription protocols
have been restricted due to antimicrobial resistance. While for certain
clinical circumstances there are guidelines with clear and unanimous criteria
for appropriate antibiotic use, for other conditions evidence showed an
insufficiency of available literature and the persistence of crucial issues
where no consensus has been reached. (Am
J Dent 2023;36:287-296).
Clinical significance: This mini-review summarizes the most up-to-date
recommendations regarding the prescription of antibiotics in periodontal and
dental implant procedures in order to guide
evidence-based decision-making.
Mail: Dr. Paula Yunes Fragoso,
Biomaterials and Dentistry Research Center (CIBO-UNIBE), Research and
Innovation Department, Universidad Iberoamericana,
Av. Francia 129, Gazcue, Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. E-mail: p.yunes@unibe.edu.do
The
effect of adhesive resin cement, obturation material and root dentin
Zakereyya S.M. Albashaireh, bds, msc, phd, Buthaina Y. Bashaireh,
bds, msc
Abstract: Purpose: To assess the effects of adhesive resin cement,
obturation material and dentin location on the retention of glass
fiber-reinforced resin composite (FRRC) posts. Methods: 60 root canals
in single rooted teeth were obturated with three different protocols (n= 20),
including no obturation material (Control), GuttaFlow and Gutta-percha. Spaces were prepared for glass (FRCR) posts. Subgroups of the
roots (n=10) were allocated for receiving posts luted with RelyX Unicem or Calibra resin cements. The specimens were
mounted in plastic molds using epoxy resin. They were sectioned transversely to
obtain three 1 mm-thick coronal, middle and apical slabs. Post retention was
measured using a universal testing machine. The push-out test was performed at
a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute until post dislodgement occurred. Dislodged
posts were examined microscopically to evaluate the mode of failure. Data were
analyzed using univariate tests to reveal the effects of dependent variables
and their interactions on post retention. Tukey test was used to determine
significant differences for post retention in obturation material and dentin
location groups. P-values ≤ 0.05 were considered significant. Results: The adhesive resin cement, obturation material, dentin location and cement
obturation materials interaction affected post retention. The mean bond
strength was higher for posts cemented with RelyX Unicem than for those cemented with Calibra resin cements. Post retention in coronal locations was
significantly superior to middle or apical locations. The failure mode was
primarily mixed. (Am J Dent 2023;36:297-302).
Clinical
significance: When using RelyX Unicem cement for luting glass fiber-reinforced root
canal posts, complete removal of all obturation materials from the post space
significantly improves the retention. Although Calibra cement is less technique
sensitive than RelyX Unicem resin cement, it produces notably lower retention of fiber-reinforced glass root
canal posts.
Mail: Prof. Zakereyya S.M. Albashaireh, Department of Conservative
Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Jordan University of Science & Technology,
P.O. Box 3030, Irbid 22110, Jordan. E-mail: albashai@just.edu.jo
Sinem Kaya, dds, mclindent, Elif Ercan Devrimci, dds, phd, Cigdem Atalayin Ozkaya, dds, phd,
Abstract: Purpose: To evaluate the arresting effect
of micro-invasive (resin infiltration) and non-invasive (fluoride varnish)
treatment options on non-cavitated proximal lesions in individuals with
moderate to high risk of caries. In addition, the study evaluated the effect of
repeated dental examinations and oral hygiene motivation on daily flossing,
brushing frequency, dietary habits, and gingival status. Methods: The
study was a randomized, controlled, prospective, and parallel-designed clinical
trial. 60 adults were enrolled and randomly allocated in a 1:1 ratio to the
treatment groups. Cariogram was used to assess the
caries risk. The advising instruction for daily habits and oral hygiene by
individual risk illustration was given to all participants. Two experienced
examiners visually evaluated the severity and activity of the lesions by using the
International Caries Detection and Assessment System and Nyvad Activity
Assessment respectively. Radiographic scoring of the lesions was performed on
bite-wing radiographs by the same examiners. The gingival index was used to
check the gingival status of the patients at the initial and control sessions. After
examination, resin infiltration (Icon) was applied to 30 subjects, while the
other 30 received fluoride varnish (Clinpro White
Varnish). The follow-up time was 18 months with 6-month intervals. Results: According to the Pearson Chi-Square test, there was no difference in the
arresting effect of resin infiltration and fluoride varnish (P= 0.491). Both
treatment groups exhibited a notable arresting effect on non-cavitated lesions,
achieving a success rate of 98% (55 out of 56) during the 18-month evaluation
period. However, one lesion of a subject who received resin infiltration was
observed to progress from an E2 score to cavitation. Furthermore, at the end of
18 months, the subjects' motivation for oral hygiene had increased, and
gingival index score decreased from 2 to 1 in 15% of the subjects. (Am J
Dent 2023;36:303-309).
Clinical
significance: Both
resin infiltration and fluoride varnish yielded satisfactory results in the treatment
of non-cavitated proximal lesions in individuals with moderate to high risk of
caries. Repeated motivational instructions were beneficial for patients in
maintaining their daily oral hygiene habits and gingival health.
Mail: Dr. Elif Ercan Devrimci, Department of Restorative Dentistry, School of
Dentistry, Ege University, Ege University Campus, Izmir, Bornova 35100, Turkey. E-mail: dt.elifercan@gmail.com
Effects of
staining and bleaching procedures on the optical
Özge Gizem
Yenidünya, dds, msc, Nihan Gönülol, dds, phd, Tuğba Misilli, dds, msc, Lena Bal, dds, phd
& İbrahim İnanç, phd
Abstract: Purpose: To examine the effects of coffee
staining and bleaching applications on the optical properties of CAD-CAM
blocks, and to provide a three-dimensional visualization of surface changes
with atomic force microscope (AFM). Methods: 80 samples were prepared
from four different CAD-CAM blocks: [Cerec (CR), Shofu (SH), Cerasmart (CRS), Lava Ultimate (LU)], and a microhybrid composite resin [Filtek Z250 (Z250)]. After staining, the samples were divided into two subgroups
according to bleaching methods: 16% carbamide peroxide (HB), and 40% hydrogen
peroxide (OB). Color measurements were performed at baseline (t0),
after staining (t1), and after bleaching (t2) to obtain
translucency parameters (TP00), color change (ΔE00),
and whiteness index (WID) values. Surface roughness analysis (Ra)
was performed with AFM after coffee staining and bleaching procedures (at t1 and t2). Data were analyzed with Generalized Linear Model, and
Bonferroni correction (P< 0.05). Results: TP00 values
increased only in the CRS group after the bleaching application, and the effect
of method was again observed only in CRS. While bleaching increased WID values of all groups except CRS, no difference was found between bleaching
methods. Regardless of evaluation time, the roughest group is Z250, and the
only difference between bleaching methods was observed in the CR group. In
conclusion, the effects of staining and bleaching applications on the optical
and surface properties of CAD-CAM blocks are material-dependent. (Am J Dent 2023;36:310-316).
Clinical
significance: Effective bleaching of discolored CAD-CAM materials was achieved regardless of
the bleaching method used, and without any significant adverse effect on the
surface properties of the materials.
Mail: Dr. Özge Gizem Yenidünya,
Department of Restorative Dentistry, Faculty of Dentistry, Pamukkale University, 20160 Denizli, Turkey. E-mail: gizemyndny@outlook.com
